Forgotten architecture of Banat’s villages
Abstract. Banat's urban planning and village development are closely related to the geopolitical relationships between Austria, Hungary and Turkey. Persistent conflicts and Turkey's pretensions to possess the Banat have prompted Austria and Hungary to make strategic plans to preserve it. Among others, they colonised the loyal population and established a military defensive line: the Banat military frontier. An integral part of the plan was establishing villages strategically and reconstructing existing ones. The regulations and plans also aimed to provide residents with access to education, religion, social and cultural life. This article presents the project's outcome, which is called "Forgotten architecture of Banat streets".
Keywords: Banat, Military frontier, colonisation, village urbanisation, village architecture heritage.
Village type of house with granary in Orlovat (June 2022, Photo: Z. Cvetković)
Zaboravljena arhitektura banatskih sokaka
Apstrakt. Urbanističko planiranje i razvoj sela u Banatu usko su povezani sa geopolitičkim odnosima Austrije, Mađarske i Turske. Uporni sukobi i pretenzije Turske na posedovanje Banata podstakli su Austriju i Ugarsku da naprave strateške planove za njegovo očuvanje. Između ostalih, pristupili su kolonizaciji lojalnog stanovništva i uspostavili vojnu, odbrambenu liniju: Banatsku vojnu granicu. Sastavni deo plana bilo je strateško osnivanje sela i rekonstrukcija postojećih. Pored zadovoljavanja osnovnih životnih potreba, propisi i planovi nalagali su da stanovnici imaju pristup obrazovanju, veri, društvenom i kulturnom životu itd. U ovom članku predstavljeni su rezultati projekta: „Zaboravljena arhitektura banatskih sokaka“.
Ključne reči: Banat, Vojna krajina, kolonizacija, urbanizacija sela, seosko graditeljsko nasleđe.
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